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> Windows > FPU fxtract i am confused. |
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revolution 19 Jul 2019, 09:31
1.3545 == 1.3545 * 2^0
So the exponent is zero And the mantissa is 1.3545 If you want the fraction then fxtract won't do that. You might want to truncate, or round, the value and then get the fraction by subtracting. |
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19 Jul 2019, 09:31 |
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Roman 19 Jul 2019, 09:44
I try do round, the value and then get the fraction by subtracting.
Its work on 1.3545 but not good on big float. I try on 2255752.3545 and get 0.25 when do round and subtracting. I thought fxtract more accurate. |
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19 Jul 2019, 09:44 |
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revolution 19 Jul 2019, 11:34
You are using dword floats so you will lose precision. Try with qword floats for numbers with many digits before the fraction.
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19 Jul 2019, 11:34 |
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fpissarra 24 Jul 2019, 12:13
For the float type, 32 bits long, the binary structure is (from msb to lsb):
seeeeeeeefffffffffffffffffffffff Where s, e (8 bits) and f (23 bits) are integers for the signal (1 means negative value), expoent and "significant", respectively. The floating point value is, for normalized floats, given by: v = (-1)^s * (1 + f/(2^23}) * 2^(e-127) fxtract will put in ST(0) the expoent (e-127) and, on top of the stack, (1 + f/(2^23)). Notice the significant is stored in floating point as well. |
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24 Jul 2019, 12:13 |
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fpissarra 24 Jul 2019, 14:10
Here what I think you want:
Code: x: dd 1.3545 integerPart: dd ? fractionalPart: dd ? ... sub esp,4 fld dword [x] ; push x fist dword [esp] ; stores integral part of x. fild dword [esp] ; pushes integral part of x add esp,4 ; now, st(0) = int(x), st(1) = x. fst dword [integerPart] fsubp st(1),st(0) ; st(1) = st(1) - st(0), pops (st(1) becomes st(0)). fstp dword [fracionalPart] ; store st(0) and pops (clears stack). ... Notice: Both integralPart and fractionalPart are floating point (float) types. Change fst dword [integerPart] to fist dword [integerPart] if you want to store the integer part as 'integer'. Assuming, of course, x is a valid floating point value (not NAN or INF). Beware of the binary precision of the type as well... float has only 24 bits of precision (values greater than 2^24-1 cannot be represented accurately - will loose lower bits) - if you store the integer part in 'integer' this will be an issue. |
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24 Jul 2019, 14:10 |
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fpissarra 24 Jul 2019, 14:21
Notice that with SSE the routine fragment is easier:
Code: x: dd 1.3545 integerPart: dd ? fractionalPart: dd ? ... movss xmm0,dword [x] cvttss2si eax,xmm0 cvtsi2ss xmm1,eax ; xmm1 = int(x). subss xmm0,xmm1 ; strips the integer part from xmm0. movss dword [integerPart],xmm1 movss dword [fractionalPart],xmm0 ... Again, both integerPart and fractionalPart are floats. But the above routine suffers from the same problem of precision as before... converting xmm0 to eax can loose lower bits and very big values cannot be converted (what if xmm0 == 1.3275*10^30?). We could convert float to double (cvtss2sd), use an integral part greater than 32 bits and convert double to integer (cvtsd2si) with 64 bits operand, but this only would pospone the problem... BTW, f87 fsti and fldi instructions have the same problem... |
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24 Jul 2019, 14:21 |
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Roman 24 Jul 2019, 15:59
This code have problem if x = 2.94 !
Code: movss xmm0,dword [x] cvttss2si eax,xmm0 ;eax = 3.0 cvtsi2ss xmm1,eax ; xmm1 = int(x). subss xmm0,xmm1 ; strips the integer part from xmm0. Best way use roundss. |
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24 Jul 2019, 15:59 |
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fpissarra 24 Jul 2019, 18:44
Hummmm... I don't know... the exact same code, but writen in C, works perfectly:
Code: /* func.c */ void f( float x, float *i, float *f ) { int t = x; *i = t; *f = x - t; } Which, with GCC (intel syntax), gives: Code: $ objdump -dM intel func.o func.o: file format elf64-x86-64 Disassembly of section .text: 0000000000000000 <f>: 0: f3 0f 2c c0 cvttss2si eax,xmm0 4: 66 0f ef c9 pxor xmm1,xmm1 8: f3 0f 2a c8 cvtsi2ss xmm1,eax c: f3 0f 5c c1 subss xmm0,xmm1 10: f3 0f 11 0f movss DWORD PTR [rdi],xmm1 14: f3 0f 11 06 movss DWORD PTR [rsi],xmm0 18: c3 ret This pxor isn't necessary, but even adding it to the SAME routine, writen in ASM, for that value 2.94, gives 3 and -0.05999?! Why!? Here's the 'test.c' test: Code: /* test.c */ #include <stdio.h> /* Defined in func.c */ void f( float, float *, float * ); int main( void ) { float x = 2.94; float i, fr; f( x, &i, &fr ); printf( "%f -> (int) %f, (frac) %f\n", x, i, fr ); } |
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24 Jul 2019, 18:44 |
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fpissarra 24 Jul 2019, 18:52
AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH... Because IT ISN'T the same routine... Notice the cvttss2si instruction used by GCC. This is truncation (not using rounding!)... aahhhhhhhh!
I was testing with cvtss2si before... cvttss2si will get the integer part correctly. |
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24 Jul 2019, 18:52 |
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Roman 24 Jul 2019, 18:58
Thanks for cvttss2si.
I not using cvttss2si. Last edited by Roman on 25 Jul 2019, 11:16; edited 1 time in total |
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24 Jul 2019, 18:58 |
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fpissarra 24 Jul 2019, 22:54
A good explanation for floating point encoding I've read is this: Notice the equation which give you the actual value is (as I showed earlier):
v = (-1)^s * (1 + f/(2^23)) * 2^E Where E is e-127. Here E is 8 bits long and f is an integer 23 bits long. Consider if E=0 and f=0, the value is 1 (let's consider s=0 for the entire text). If f is maximum (all 23 bits set) the value is closer to 2 (f can go to (2^23)-1, maximum). It means, what you are doing changing the value of E is marking the begining of a range between 2^E (f=0) and 2^(E+1) (for f=max), excluding the last value. So... to get E you can: E=floor(log2(v)) For example... consider 0.135: E=floor(log2(0.135))=-3. This gives you the range between 2^-3 to 2^-2 (0.125 to 0.25). Now.... 0.135 is 0.01 plus 0.125 (the start of the range). What is the proportion of 0.01 in the range between 2^-3 and 2^-2? p=(0.01/(2^-2 - 2^-3))=0.08. But if f is 23 bits long, 0.08*(2^23)=671089 (f = ceil(p*2^23)). We got: f = 671089 = 0b00010100011110101110001 (23 bits); E = -3 (E=e-127 -> e=E+127=124 = 0b01111100 (8 bits); and s = 0 So: v = 0b0_01111100_00010100011110101110001 = 0x3E0A3D71 If you print a float in hex, as an integer: Code: #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { float f = 0.135; int i = *(int *)&f; printf( "%#x\n", i ); } You'll get exactly that final value of 0x3e0a3d71. For 0.135, If you use fextract, you'll get ( approx 1+0.08 ) as "significant" and -3 as expoent, as 1.08*2^-3 = 0.135 |
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24 Jul 2019, 22:54 |
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fpissarra 24 Jul 2019, 23:14
As you have notice (probably), floating point values aren't a representation of REAL numbers, but of RATIONAL numbers. It stores a ratio (f/(2^23))*2^E. The error between two values is 2^-23 multiplied by the scale 2^E.
Consider a big number: v=24734834783, for instance... E=floor(log2(v))=34. The error between to closer values is 2^-23*2^34 = 2^(34 - 23) = 2^11... Or, 2048. Since the range starts at 2^34 (17179869184), the next possible value is 17179871232, the next is +2048 away, and so on... There is no way you can represent exactly 17179869185 (start of the range +1)! In fact, 24734834783 cannot be represented exactly as well, because it is between valid values (between 24734834688 and 24734836736, in this scale)... Just to satisfy the curiosity: the value obtained will be 24734834688 (rounding to nearest), and the significant part is approx 1.43976 with expoent 34. |
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24 Jul 2019, 23:14 |
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AsmGuru62 26 Jul 2019, 21:52
To convert ST0 to text -- FBSTP is most likely the way to do it.
http://www.website.masmforum.com/tutorials/fptute/fpuchap6.htm#fbstp |
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26 Jul 2019, 21:52 |
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fpissarra 26 Jul 2019, 23:13
AsmGuru62 wrote: To convert ST0 to text -- FBSTP is most likely the way to do it. It works for INTEGER values stored in ST(0) - otherwise, the value will be rounded. And notice the value can be big enough NOT to fit in the 18 byte array (36 digits), since fbstp stores the 'packed bcd'. Anyway... I didn't recall for fbstp, nice tip! |
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26 Jul 2019, 23:13 |
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AsmGuru62 26 Jul 2019, 23:33
Yes, I forgot to add that you need to multiply ST0 by 10 in magnitude of # of digits, like you need 6 digits after the decimal then by 1000000.
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26 Jul 2019, 23:33 |
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