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Index > High Level Languages > [c help] called object is not a function or function pointer

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kerr



Joined: 24 Feb 2016
Posts: 156
kerr 21 May 2016, 05:07
I use the FASM compiler to extract the binary to the gcc compiler to use, prompt error pointer.
How to do? can you help me ? thank you!

by the way, fasm what debugger to use?


Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(){
        char buff[]="\xB0\x04\xB3\x01\x59\x66\xBA\x10\x00\xCD\x80\xB0\x01\xB3\x00\xCD\x80\xE8\xEA\xFF\x68\x65\x6C\x6C\x6F\x20\x77\x6F\x72\x6C\x64\x21\x0A"
(*(void(*)())buff)();
}
b$ gcc buff.c -o buff
buff.c: In function ‘main’:
buff.c:18:14: error: called object is not a function or function pointer
  char buff[]="\xB0\x04\xB3\x01\x59\x66\xBA\x10\x00\xCD\x80\xB0\x01\xB3\x00\xCD\x80\xE8\xEA\xFF\x68\x65\x6C\x6C\x6F\x20\x77\x6F\x72\x6C\x64\x21\x0A"
              ^

    

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Post 21 May 2016, 05:07
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revolution
When all else fails, read the source


Joined: 24 Aug 2004
Posts: 20300
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revolution 21 May 2016, 05:53
Perhaps your google search box is broken? Hehe. I took less than 20 seconds to find an answer. I thought about not posting it but that would be cruel. So since the work is done:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28901223/c-casting-char-array-to-an-integer-pointer
Post 21 May 2016, 05:53
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kerr



Joined: 24 Feb 2016
Posts: 156
kerr 21 May 2016, 06:39
revolution wrote:
Perhaps your google search box is broken? Hehe. I took less than 20 seconds to find an answer. I thought about not posting it but that would be cruel. So since the work is done:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28901223/c-casting-char-array-to-an-integer-pointer


oh cronies !
you speak is not what i want!

i have read this post!

just not know! where is my program error!

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Post 21 May 2016, 06:39
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Tyler



Joined: 19 Nov 2009
Posts: 1216
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Tyler 21 May 2016, 07:09
Oh man, you're just missing a semicolon (at the end of your string). Lol, that's an annoying mistake to spend a lot of time fixing.

Btw, I tested it and it segfaulted. I'm guessing either your code is buggy or the data section might be marked non-executable on my OS (Linux x64).

If all you want is to link to some assembly, there are much easier ways to go about this.

revolution, he's trying to cast to a function pointer, so he can call the array as a function.
Post 21 May 2016, 07:09
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revolution
When all else fails, read the source


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Posts: 20300
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revolution 21 May 2016, 07:19
Tyler wrote:
Oh man, you're just missing a semicolon (at the end of your string). Lol, that's an annoying mistake to spend a lot of time fixing.
C is so dumb about this IMO. End of line means end of expression, and if you want to extend the line use a backslash. Haha, just my uninformed opinion on C and how it "should" be.
Tyler wrote:
revolution, he's trying to cast to a function pointer, so he can call the array as a function.
Okay, it is all a mystery to me, all those brackets and asterisks just to call some code are mighty confusing.
Post 21 May 2016, 07:19
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Tyler



Joined: 19 Nov 2009
Posts: 1216
Location: NC, USA
Tyler 21 May 2016, 07:30
revolution wrote:
C is so dumb about this IMO. End of line means end of expression, and if you want to extend the line use a backslash. Haha, just my uninformed opinion on C and how it "should" be.
I agree, mostly. Python is follows this and is widely regarded as the most aesthetic language there is. (Except if you have unmatched parentheses, then it assumes the expression cross the the line barrier, which is nice since it makes sense.)

revolution wrote:
Okay, it is all a mystery to me, all those brackets and asterisks just to call some code are mighty confusing.
To be fair, it's not really something you should ever need to do. Semantically, OP is creating a character array and trying to "call" the contents of the array as if it were the machine code of a function. Not that I'm a huge fan of C. If I want pretty code, I look to the good functional languages. I've always liked to read Ruby and Scheme. I think I'd love Haskell if only I was smart enough to understand it. Razz
Post 21 May 2016, 07:30
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revolution
When all else fails, read the source


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revolution 21 May 2016, 07:39
Tyler wrote:
To be fair, it's not really something you should ever need to do. Semantically, OP is creating a character array and trying to "call" the contents of the array as if it were the machine code of a function.
It is a reflection of the desire of the language designers to constrain how the programmer can express their intent. They wanted everyone to do everything the "right" way, and in doing so made it unwieldy to do it any other "wrong" way. But the world is full of unexpected needs and requirements and having such constraints is often awkward and disappointing. And it doesn't help that many C help forums scold people for trying to do something weird, or odd, or non-portable, or something else equally horrendous.
Post 21 May 2016, 07:39
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Mike Gonta



Joined: 26 Dec 2010
Posts: 243
Mike Gonta 21 May 2016, 22:57
kerr wrote:
I use the FASM compiler to extract the binary to the gcc ompiler to use, prompt error pointer. ....
Code:
  char buff[]="\xB0\x04\xB3\x01\x59\x66\xBA\x10\x00\xCD\x80\xB0\x01\xB3\x00\xCD\x80\xE8\xEA\xFF\x68\x65\x6C\x6C\x6F\x20\x77\x6F\x72\x6C\x64\x21\x0A"
  (*(void(*)())buff)();}    
Code:
  char buffer[] = "\xB0\x04\xB3\x01\x59\x66\xBA\x10\x00\xCD\x80\xB0\x01\xB3\x00\xCD\x80\xE8\xEA\xFF\x68\x65\x6C\x6C\x6F\x20\x77\x6F\x72\x6C\x64\x21\x0A";
int main(){
  void (*buff)(); // define a function pointer variable
  buff = (void *)buffer; // assign the (cast) address of the buffer to it
  buff(); // call the buffer contents as a function
}
    
Compiled with 03 (maximum optimization)
Code:
  jmp buffer    
Of course this particular code in the buffer won't actually work as a function.
To be perfectly correct buff should return an int and main should end with
Code:
  return buff();    
and be defined as
Code:
  int(*buff)();    

O3 doesn't like the local buffer array and compiles the code as if it didn't exist, whereas when compiled with
optimizations off run time code is used to populate the array. Probably better to define the array as global as
I've done here. Also the stackoverflow example that revolution quoted is simpler as it doesn't involve the
assignment (which O3 ignores anyway).
Code:
return ((int (*)(void))buffer)();    

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Last edited by Mike Gonta on 24 May 2016, 16:08; edited 1 time in total
Post 21 May 2016, 22:57
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kerr



Joined: 24 Feb 2016
Posts: 156
kerr 24 May 2016, 04:04
Tyler wrote:
Oh man, you're just missing a semicolon (at the end of your string). Lol, that's an annoying mistake to spend a lot of time fixing.

Btw, I tested it and it segfaulted. I'm guessing either your code is buggy or the data section might be marked non-executable on my OS (Linux x64).

If all you want is to link to some assembly, there are much easier ways to go about this.

revolution, he's trying to cast to a function pointer, so he can call the array as a function.



Yeah
I found

complie program file running to error
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0xbffff30b in ?? ()
i want use gdb debug fasm complie file Feel powerless!gdb can not debug to fasm complie program file. this is my major headache things.

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Post 24 May 2016, 04:04
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kerr



Joined: 24 Feb 2016
Posts: 156
kerr 24 May 2016, 04:11
Mike Gonta wrote:
kerr wrote:
I use the FASM compiler to extract the binary to the gcc ompiler to use, prompt error pointer. ....
Code:
  char buff[]="\xB0\x04\xB3\x01\x59\x66\xBA\x10\x00\xCD\x80\xB0\x01\xB3\x00\xCD\x80\xE8\xEA\xFF\x68\x65\x6C\x6C\x6F\x20\x77\x6F\x72\x6C\x64\x21\x0A"
  (*(void(*)())buff)();}    
Code:
  char buffer[] = "\xB0\x04\xB3\x01\x59\x66\xBA\x10\x00\xCD\x80\xB0\x01\xB3\x00\xCD\x80\xE8\xEA\xFF\x68\x65\x6C\x6C\x6F\x20\x77\x6F\x72\x6C\x64\x21\x0A";
int main(){
  void (*buff)(); // define a function pointer variable
  buff = (void *)buffer; // assign the (cast) address of the buffer to it
  buff(); // call the buffer contents as a function
}
    
Compiled with 03 (maximum optimization)
Code:
  jmp buffer    
Of course this particular code in the buffer won't actually work as a function.
To be perfectly correct buff should return an int and main should end with
Code:
  return buff();    
and be defined as
Code:
  int(*buff)();    



thank you
I'm compile still wrong.
The same with my ah.

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Post 24 May 2016, 04:11
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cod3b453



Joined: 25 Aug 2004
Posts: 618
cod3b453 24 May 2016, 17:52
If the intention is to hide asm in C then please ignore everything below
----
It's easier (and more flexible i.e. msvc 64 or other architectures) to split the asm and C parts:

my.c
Code:
int main()
{
        my_func();

        return 0;
}    
my.fasm
Code:
        format ELF64

        public my_func

my_func:

        ret    
Shell:
Code:
rm -v *.exe
rm -v *.o

fasm my.fasm my.fasm.o

gcc -c my.c -o my.c.o

gcc my.c.o my.fasm.o -o my.exe    
For gdb simply 'set disassembly-flavor intel' and use 'layout asm' or 'layout split'
Post 24 May 2016, 17:52
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kerr



Joined: 24 Feb 2016
Posts: 156
kerr 24 May 2016, 22:58
cod3b453 wrote:
If the intention is to hide asm in C then please ignore everything below
----
It's easier (and more flexible i.e. msvc 64 or other architectures) to split the asm and C parts:

my.c
Code:
int main()
{
        my_func();

        return 0;
}    
my.fasm
Code:
        format ELF64

        public my_func

my_func:

        ret    
Shell:
Code:
rm -v *.exe
rm -v *.o

fasm my.fasm my.fasm.o

gcc -c my.c -o my.c.o

gcc my.c.o my.fasm.o -o my.exe    
For gdb simply 'set disassembly-flavor intel' and use 'layout asm' or 'layout split'


Oh no, You speak This topic.

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Post 24 May 2016, 22:58
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kerr



Joined: 24 Feb 2016
Posts: 156
kerr 25 May 2016, 07:20
The problem is solved.
Code:
 char *buff="\xB0\x04\xB3\x01\x59\x66\xBA\x10\x00\xCD\x80\xB0\x01\xB3\x00\xCD\x80\xE8\xEA\xFF\x68\x65\x6C\x6C\x6F\x20\x77\x6F\x72\x6C\x64\x21\x0A"
  (*(void(*)())buff)();}

this is ok!
    



thank you !
bingo
Post 25 May 2016, 07:20
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